DISCUSSION: Nurs 6512-Advanced Pathophysiology Infection Stress and Disease

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1. This type of disease results from the inability of the immune system to distinguish self from non‐self antigens.

a. Anaphylaxis

b. Autoimmune disease

c. Allergy

d. Immunodeficiency

2. A teenager has an abnormal white blood cell count. Which of the following lab findings would be most indicative of leukemia?

a. Leukopenia

b. Thrombocytosis

c. Blast cells > 5%

d. Increased reticulocytes

3. Maria was exposed to Hepatitis A at the restaurant where her family went to celebrate her birthday. To protect her, she was given an injection of Hepatitis A immunoglobulin. The type of immunity this injection will provide is:

a. Passive Acquired Immunity

b. Active acquired Immunity

c. Passive innate immunity

d. Active innate immunity

4. Which of the following findings would indicate that a patient may be experiencing a “fight‐or‐flight” reaction to a stressor?

a. Constricted pupils

b. Flushed face

c. Increased heart rate

d. Frequent sighing of yawning

5. In response to stress, the adrenal cortex secretes:

a. Cortisol and Norepinephrine

b. Norepinephrine and Aldosterone

c. Cortisol and Aldosterone

d. Norepinephrine

6. All of the following are hormones released during stress to increase blood glucose levels except:

a. Cortisol

b. Growth hormone

c. Epinephrine

d. Testosterone

7. Cortisol:

a. Is released from the anterior pituitary gland

b. Has an anabolic effect on somatic muscle

c. Promotes the creation of glucose from amino acids

d. Increases lactate formation

8. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention of disease?

a. Amniocentesis to detect genetic abnormality in the fetus

b. Childhood immunization for communicable disease

c. Routine PAP smear of the cervix

d. Range of motion exercises to prevent disuse atrophy in the stroke patient

9. Stress may be defined as any factor that stimulates the:

a. Posterior pituitary

b. Anterior pituitary

c. Hypothalamus to release ADH

d. Hypothalamus to release CRF

10. Endorphins

a. Inhibit pain by blocking the release of substance P

b. Enhance CRF secretion

c. Increase blood pressure

d. Are concentrated in the temporal lobe

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11. Which of the following is not true regarding stress?

a. The hypothalamus and brainstem have critical roles in the maintenance of internal homeostasis.

b. The adrenal cortex is the principal target organ of the pituitary‐ derived circulating ACTH

c. Mineralocorticoids are the final effectors of the HPA axis.

d. The autonomic nervous system provides a rapidly responsive mechanism to control a wide range of functions.

12. The Gram stain reaction:

a. Illuminates cell walls of parasites

b. Is used with fungi

c. Identifies RNA and DNA viruses

d. Differentiates between 2 groups of batcteria Advanced Pathophysiology Infection Stress and Disease Discussion

13. Tinea is which of the following:

a. Bacterial rod

b. Bacterial cocci

c. Anaerobe

d. Fungus

14. An increase in neutrophil bands is indicative of:

e. A shift to the right

f. A viral process

g. An acute bacterial infection

h. None of the above

15. Microbial virulence refers to its ability to:

a. Access a host

b. Cause illness

c. Prevent opsonization

d. Secrete endotoxins