Discussion 1: What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease.

What are social determinants of health? Explain how social determinants of health contribute to the development of disease. Describe the fundamental idea that the communicable disease chain model is designed to represent. Evaluate the steps a nurse can take to break the link within the communicable disease chain.

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Social Determinants of Health.
Social determinants of health ( SDOH) are non-medical factors or an individual’s factors that influence their health or well-being(Islam, 2019).Some SDOH include literacy levels, socioeconomic status, physical living conditions, and employment status.An individual with good socio-economic status and employed with better pay has better health outcomes. This is because they can access better,timely healthcare services, better nutrition, and a sound education system. Educated individuals tend to make good health decisions such as exercising and vaccination and mostly avoid risky behaviors as they know the outcomes(Chelak & Chakole, 2023). Education, like employment, reduces poverty levels in a community, which improves a community’s healthcare.Better living conditions with high levels of hygiene, fresh and clean water supply, and areas of waste disposal usually resultinthe good health of individuals as opposed to those residing in overcrowded places with limited supply of water and limited waste disposal areas.
The model of the communicable disease chain is a framework for understanding how infectious diseases spread within a population. It consists of interconnected components that need to align for a disease to be transmitted from one person to another (Wang & Mustafa, 2023). The model seeks to identify the connections and take steps to prevent the spread of diseases.These connections include the causative agent, the reservoir, the point at which the agent exits the reservoir, how it is transmitted, where it enters a host, and the susceptible individual who can catch the disease.
Nurses play a role in breaking the chain of diseases by taking action at different stages within this model. Their actions include implementing measures to control infections, like practicing hand hygiene, maintaining sanitation, and using personal protective equipment to prevent the spread of infectious agents (Nie et al., 2022). Additionally, nurses educate individuals and communities about disease prevention, vaccinations, and hygiene practices, ensuring that knowledge is shared widely. They also contribute to containing outbreaks by identifying and isolating people who have had contact with an individual through contact tracing. Nurses also play a role in administering vaccines to protect individuals and communities from diseases that can be prevented through vaccination (Nie et al., 2022). Furthermore, they advocate for public health policies that strengthen disease prevention efforts and improve access to healthcare services, addressing the factors that impact health.

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References
Chelak, K., & Chakole, S. (2023). The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Promoting Health Equality: A Narrative Review. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33425
Islam, M. M. (2019). Social Determinants of Health and Related Inequalities: Confusion and Implications. Frontiers in Public Health, 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00011
Nie, A., Su, X., Dong, M., & Guan, W. (2022). Are nurses prepared to respond to next infectious disease outbreak: A narrative synthesis. Nursing open, 9(2), 908–919. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1170