Discussion: Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations

Qualitative Studies
Introduction
Falls are a critical patient safety concern because of their adverse effects on patients and healthcare organizations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is categorical that patient falls threaten patient safety and lowers their abilities to attain autonomy besides constituting high costs and lengthened hospital stays. They can also cause disabilities and fatalities. Giving patient education and empowering them is considered an effective way to reduce patient falls, especially in inpatient settings. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two qualitative research articles on patient falls and analyze their relevance to the developed PICOT question.

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PICOT Question
Among patients in inpatient settings (P), does patient education and empowerment (I) compared to normal safety measures (C), reduce and eliminate falls by 50% and related impacts (O) within three months (T)
Background of Studies
The first qualitative article is by Dabkowski et al. (2023) and explores the importance and perspectives of patients’ awareness of fall risks. The authors’ main consideration is the effects of falls on patients, especially those aged 40 years and above. The study is significant to nursing practice as it asserts that nurses should understand patients’ perceptions about their risk for falls to develop requisite prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to explore and understand patients’ perceptions and experiences and their effects on understanding the impact of falls. The study does not pose any research questions.
The second article is by Heng et al. (2021) who seek an understanding of and perspectives of patients concerning fall prevention education in healthcare facilities. The main problem in this study is that empowering patients through education and awareness can reduce their susceptibility to falls. The article is significant to nursing practice as it shows the interventions that nurses can use to reduce falls. The purpose of the paper was to understand inpatients’ perspectives and even preferences concerning fall prevention education. The article does not have a research question.
How Do These Two Articles Support the Nursing Practice Problem You Chose?
These two articles are critical to the issue of falls and support efforts to address it through patient education. Consequently, the two articles will be deployed to answer the PICOT question by discussing the most effective intervention. The articles will address the PICOT question by offering evidence on the quality of care outcomes based on the experiences of interviewed patients.
The interventions and comparison groups used in the articles are different from those captured in the PICOT question. For instance, the PICOT question’s intervention is patient education and awareness. This implies that the intervention is similar to the one in the PICOT question. These two articles highlight the importance of investing in patient education and empowerment among healthcare organizations to improve care delivery and patient safety.
Method of Studies
Research methods or designs are a fundamental part of any research study. The two articles use different methods to attain their results. In their article, Heng et al. (2021) used a phenomenological approach. The article by Dabkowski et al. (2023) uses a semi-structured interview among inpatients in the facility. These two are different based on their approach or study design to the issue at hand. The two studies do not use the same approaches to their research. While the two methods deployed by the articles are different, they all use qualitative approaches meaning that their interest is the same; understanding all aspects that affect patient falls education.
Semi-structured interviews offer firsthand information from respondents and lead to better responses to the phenomenon under study. On its part, the phenomenological design focuses on recording the experiences and practices of certain populations and groups by being close to them. These two methods are beneficial as they give first-hand information. The only limitation is that they are complex and require sufficient resource levels.
Results of Studies
In their findings, Dabkowski et al. (2022) assert that giving patient education empowers them to appreciate nurses’ interventions and make better decisions. Through education, patients can identify and mitigate associated risks for falls among the elderly. Further, allowing patients to have sufficient information and knowledge motivates them to avoid incidences that can lead to falls. The study also found that providers and facilities should ensure that falls education should be consistently delivered with the main purpose of empowering patients to help them change to their new condition.
The second article by Henge et al. (2020) found that fall prevention initiatives are essential and healthcare providers should implement evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions to lower their prevalence and severity. The article also found that many patients did not have information or were aware of their risk of falling. Therefore, offering falls prevention education to patients empowers them to make better safety decisions. The authors note that fall prevention education improves providers’ and patients’ knowledge leading to tailoring interventions to attain safety goals.
The two studies have significant implications for nurses and nursing practice in general. The initial implication is that patient education and empowerment lead to better outcomes and nurses should pursue and prioritize such information to reduce their susceptibility (Heng et al., 2021). Nurses should develop patient-centered approaches to reduce and stop falls in their practice settings. The studies also imply that nurses require sufficient resources to implement fall education programs in their facilities.
Ethical Considerations
Ethical considerations are essential when researching so that it attains the expected outcomes and also meets integrity standards. This implies that researchers must always consider ethical issues like integrity and honesty when conducting their studies (Dykes et al., 2023). Seeking institutional approval ensures that researchers follow expected ethical mandates and legal parameters (Vincenzo et al., 2022). The two critical ethical considerations in research include informed consent and confidentiality. Further, researchers can meet ethical requirements through an institutional review board (IRB) which certifies studies as ethical and follow legal provisions.
Researchers in the two articles considered and used informed consent and confidentiality as well as privacy. According to Hegel et al. (2020), getting approval from IRB is a critical part of maintaining the integrity of the research findings. As such, the authors in these studies considered these ethical issues while performing their research.
Conclusion
Falls remain a critical public health concern between of their adverse effects on patients, their families pand healthcare facilities. Patient education is a core aspect of reducing and mitigating the occurrence of falls in different care settings. Therefore, the existing literature is categorical that patient education and empowerment lead to reduced rates of patient falls. Healthcare organizations should develop evidence-based practice interventions that reduce the risk of falling in different settings.

References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2023). Older Adult Fall Prevention.
https://www.cdc.gov/falls/index.html
Dykes, P. C., Curtin-Bowen, M., Lipsitz, S., Franz, C., Adelman, J., Adkison, L., … & Bates, D.
W. (2023, January). Cost of inpatient falls and cost-benefit analysis of the implementation of
an evidence-based fall prevention program. JAMA health forum, 4(1): e225125-
e225125). DOI:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.5125
Dabkowski, E., Cooper, S. J., Duncan, J. R., & Missen, K. (2022). Exploring Hospital Inpatients’
Awareness of Their Falls Risk: A Qualitative Exploratory Study. International Journal of environmental research and public health, 20(1), 454.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010454
Heng, H., Slade, S. C., Jazayeri, D., Jones, C., Hill, A. M., Kiegaldie, D., … & Morris, M. E.
(2021). Patient perspectives on hospital fall prevention education. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 592440. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.592440
Heng, H., Kiegaldie, D., Slade, S. C., Jazayeri, D., Shaw, L., Knight, M., … & Morris, M. E.
(2022). Healthcare professional perspectives on barriers and enablers to falls prevention education: A qualitative study. Plos one, 17(4), e0266797.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266797
Vincenzo, J. L., Patton, S. K., Lefler, L. L., McElfish, P. A., Wei, J., & Curran, G. M. (2022). A
qualitative study of older adults’ facilitators, barriers, and cues to action to engage in fall
prevention using health belief model constructs. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, 99, 104610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2021.104610

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PICOT Question

Among patients in inpatient settings (P), does patient education and empowerment (I) compared to normal safety measures (C), reduce and eliminate falls by 50% and related impacts (O) within three months (T)?

NRS 433 Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations GCU

Assessment Description
Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two qualitative research studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines â€“ Part 1” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses.
Use the practice problem and two qualitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment.
In a 1,000â€“1,250 word essay, summarize two qualitative studies, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.
You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.
Attachments
NRS-433V-RS2-ResearchCritiqueGuidelinesPar

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Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations – Rubric
Criteria Description
Qualitative Studies
5. 5: Excellent
9.5 points
Two articles are presented. Both articles are based on qualitative research.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
N/A
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
N/A
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Two articles are presented. Of the articles presented, only one article is based on qualitative research.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Only one article is presented. Neither of the articles presented use qualitative research.
Criteria Description
Background of Study
5. 5: Excellent
19 points
Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
4. 4: Good
17.86 points
Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.
3. 3: Satisfactory
15.77 points
Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
14.25 points
Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is incomplete.
Criteria Description
Article Support of Nursing Practice Issue
5. 5: Excellent
28.5 points
A clear discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate strong support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles strongly compare to those identified in the PICOT question.
4. 4: Good
26.79 points
A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Minor detail or rational is needed for clarity or support.
3. 3: Satisfactory
23.65 points
A general discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate general support in answering the proposed PICOT question. It is unclear how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Some rational or information is needed.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
21.38 points
A summary of how articles support the PICOT question is presented. It is unclear how the articles can be used to answer the proposed PICOT question. Significant information and detail are required.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is incomplete.
Criteria Description
Method of Study
5. 5: Excellent
28.5 points
A thorough discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is described in detail. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. The discussion demonstrates a solid understanding of research methods.
4. 4: Good
26.79 points
A discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is generally described. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. There minor are inaccuracies. Some detail is required for accuracy or clarity.
3. 3: Satisfactory
23.65 points
A general discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is summarized. A benefit and a limitation of each method are summarized. There some inaccuracies or partial omissions. More information is needed.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
21.38 points
A partial summary of the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is incomplete. A benefit and a limitation of each method are omitted or incomplete. There are significant inaccuracies.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Discussion on the method of study for each article is omitted. The comparison of study methods is omitted or incomplete.
Criteria Description
Results of Study
5. 5: Excellent
28.5 points
Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
4. 4: Good
26.79 points
Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.
3. 3: Satisfactory
23.65 points
Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is generally presented. Overall, the discussion includes some relevant details and explanation.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
21.38 points
A summary of the study results includes findings and implications for nursing practice but lacks relevant details and explanation. There are some omissions or inaccuracies.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is incomplete.
Criteria Description
Ethical Considerations
5. 5: Excellent
28.5 points
Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. A detailed discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is presented.
4. 4: Good
26.79 points
Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is presented; some detail in needed for accuracy or clarity.
3. 3: Satisfactory
23.65 points
Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is discussed but there are some inaccuracies, or some information is needed.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
21.38 points
Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is summarized but there are significant inaccuracies or omissions.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is incomplete. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles presented in the essay is incomplete.
Criteria Description
Thesis Development and Purpose
5. 5: Excellent
9.5 points
Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.
Criteria Description
Argument Logic and Construction
5. 5: Excellent
9.5 points
Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.
Criteria Description
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
5. 5: Excellent
9.5 points
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.
Criteria Description
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
5. 5: Excellent
9.5 points
All format elements are correct.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.
Criteria Description
Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)
5. 5: Excellent
9.5 points
Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
4. 4: Good
8.93 points
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.
3. 3: Satisfactory
7.89 points
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.
2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory
7.13 points
Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.
1. 1: Unsatisfactory
0 points
Sources are not documented.
Total 190 points