DISCUSSION: WEEK 8 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN NURSING
DISCUSSION: WEEK 8 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN NURSING
WEEK 8 DISCUSSION: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS IN NURSING
“An essential component of nursing education is ensuring students develop the competencies in the use of empirical evidence in their clinical practice. The fundamental goal of statistics courses is to teach healthcare professionals the proper uses of statistical thinking to enable them to effectively evaluate the literature and integrate evidence into their practice” (Baghi & Kornides, 2014).
How are research methods used in nursing? What particular methods are used in your area of nursing practice? Over the last few weeks, you have been exploring these questions, and you will continue this exploration examining the specific tests and methods that may be used in your particular area of nursing practice. Why might different methods be used based on an area of practice? Why is it important for DNP-prepared nurses to be familiar with various research methods?
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For this Discussion, reflect on the tests and methods utilized in research studies, presented over the last eight weeks of the course, to consider the approach, impact, and purpose of these in conducting nursing research. Using a selected article, consider the approach used and reflect on how that approach might fits within your area of nursing practice.
Reference: Baghi, H., & Kornides, M. (2013). Current and future health care professionals attitudes toward and knowledge of statistics: How confidence influences learning. Journal of Nursing Education Practitioners 3(7), 24–29 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4239707/Links to an external site.
RESOURCES
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
WEEKLY RESOURCES
TO PREPARE:
Review the articles presented in this week’s Learning Resources and analyze each study’s use of statistical and nonparametric tests.
Select an article to focus on for this Discussion.
Ask yourself: Which method is most commonly used in research studies that pertain to my area of nursing practice, and why this might be so?
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BY DAY 3 OF WEEK 8
Post a critical analysis of the article that you selected by addressing the following:
What are the goals and purpose of the research study described by the article you selected?
How are nonparametric tests used in the research study? What are the results of their use? Be specific.
Why are parametric methods ( tests and ANOVA) inappropriate for the statistical analysis of the research study’s data? Be specific and provide examples.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research study (e.g., study design, sampling, and measurement)?
How could the findings and recommendations of the research study contribute to evidence-based practice for nursing?
BY DAY 6 OF WEEK 8
Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days in one or more of the following ways:
Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence, or research.
Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.
Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.
Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.
Suggest an alternative perspective based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.
Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.
LAURA
Leigh, L., Taylor, C., Glassman, T., Thompson, A., & Sheu, J-. J. (2020)
Introduction
The selected article outlines a research study with the stated goal of determining what drives American emergency nurses to adopt protective measures against working with Ebola patients. A modified version of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) was employed in this study to examine the associations and predictors of the nurses’ motivation to adopt Ebola precautions based on multiple psychological traits (Leigh et al., 2020). The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between emergency nurses’ anxiety of treating Ebola patients and the psychological elements that encourage them to adopt preventative measures during outbreaks.
Utilizing statistics
The group uses nonparametric testing in their statistical analysis. Because the data in this study do not meet the normalcy assumptions of parametric testing, nonparametric tests are used. Whereas Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests are used to compare categorical variables, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test is used to compare continuous variables between groups. Empirical research indicates a strong correlation between emergency nurses’ psychological traits and their inclination to stop the spread of Ebola. Nonparametric tests such as the post hoc Dunn-Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis H tests are used to assess the demographic and PMT construct data. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between the sexes. According to Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc tests, respondents who were male showed higher levels of self-efficacy; nevertheless, the response cost for female nurses was higher. In terms of perceived vulnerability, response cost, and passive protection motivation, the results also differ significantly throughout the age range that was studied. For this study’s statistical analysis, non-normal data means that nonparametric procedures (tests and ANOVA) are out of place. The study utilized nonparametric tests such as Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman’s rho correlation, which are chosen because they conservatively identify relationships without presuming normalcy. Given that some of the study’s variables are ordinal, parametric tests are likewise improper. While tests like the Wilcoxon rank-sum test are used to compare continuous variables across groups, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests are used to analyze the significance of a relationship between categorical variables(Gray, Grove, & Sutherland, 2020)
Strength and Weaknesses
The study’s various aspects include its use of a modified version of the partial-merit theory (PMT) model to analyze the psychological elements that affect emergency nurses’ desire to take precautions during outbreaks. A high sample size helps this research since it can more precisely represent the population. One drawback of the study is that it is cross-sectional, which makes inferring causal relationships challenging. Since the study exclusively examined 2015 enrollees in the Emergency Nurses Association, its conclusions may not be generalizable to the profession as a whole (ENA). Ten demographic and construct-specific components make up the survey, which is validated by subject-matter specialists and a focus group. Furthermore, a three-phase mailing approach is employed in the study to enhance the quantity of replies. The likelihood that the sample of nurses in this study is not representative of all emergency nurses in the US is one of the study’s shortcomings, which would limit how broadly the results can be applied. Given the date of the Ebola epidemic, nurses may have been more careful when treating patients, which could have contributed to the slower-than-usual response time.
Utilizing Statistical Method/Conclusion
The findings and recommendations of the study offer insight into the psychological elements that influence nurses’ motivation to defend themselves against Ebola patients, potentially advancing evidence-based nursing practice. Proactive protection motivation was revealed to be affected by nurses’ self-efficacy and response efficacy, but passive protection motivation was found to be affected more by nurses’ perceived vulnerability, response cost, and knowledge. According to the study’s authors, hospitals and clinics should establish protocols for admitting Ebola patients, train and observe nurses, stockpile respirators, impermeable disposable gowns and coveralls, extended cuff disposable examination gloves, boot covers, disposable aprons, and more.
Reference
Gray, J. R., &; Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier. Chapter 25,”Using Statistics to Determine Differences” (pp. 687-698)
Leigh, L., Taylor, C., Glassman, T., Thompson, A., & Sheu, J. J. (2020). A cross-sectional examination of the factors related to emergency nurses’ motivation to protect themselves against an Ebola infection. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 46(6), 814-826.
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JILL
Article: Nonparametric Statistical Methods in Medical Research
What are the goals and purpose of the research study described by the article you selected?
This article by Schober & Vetter (2020) has the intention of utilizing the non-parametric test Mann-Whitney U, to compare the pain scores between the effects of preoperative gum chewing on sore throat after anesthesia with a supraglottic device and those who do not chew gum preoperatively. Schober & Vetter (2020) explain that their null hypothesis is that both groups have the same distribution and come from the same population, more precisely if one group is more likely to be higher. Gray & Grove (2020) explain that these nonparametric tests are available when the assumptions do not need to be as in parametric statistics.
How are nonparametric tests used in the research study? What are the results of their use? Be specific.
This study uses a nonparametric test called the Mann-Whitney U to test two independent groups. The result shows data from a chart of self-reported pain scores between the patients chewing gum and those who did not. The pain score is reported 2 hrs, 6 hrs, and 24 hours after surgery for 69 people. The G group are those that are chewing gum and the C group is the control group. The p value for 2 hours and 6 hours is 0.48. The p value for 24 hours is .011.
Why are parametric methods ( tests and ANOVA) inappropriate for the statistical analysis of the research study’s data? Be specific and provide examples.
Parametric methods are not appropriate for the statistical analysis of this research study because there are no specific assumptions to be met. Gray & Grove state that parametric statistics are known for a specific set of assumptions and it becomes the formula. This study does not have those assumptions. It is comparing 2 independent groups.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research study (e.g., study design, sampling, and measurement)?
This particular study’s weaknesses could be that it is less efficient than a parametric test. The potential strengths are that these tests are less sensitive to data that is not within the normal range and apply to a much broader population.
How could the findings and recommendations of the research study contribute to evidence-based practice for nursing?
It is endless how the Mann-Whitney U can contribute to evidence for nursing practice. This test is an excellent option to compare two populations such as behavior and mood or such as a comparison between emotional lability and detox patients.
References
Schober, P., & Vetter, T. R. (2020). Nonparametric Statistical Methods in Medical Research. Anesthesia and analgesia, 131(6), 1862–1863. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000005101
Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevi