Assignment: Week 1 Factors That Influence the Development of Psychopathology

Assignment: Week 1 Factors That Influence the Development of Psychopathology

Assignment: Week 1 Factors That Influence the Development of Psychopathology

NRNP 6635 WEEK 1 Factors That Influence the Development of Psychopathology
Bio-psychosocial factors are the major drivers of psychopathology. Biological factors include genetics and structural abnormalities. Several studies have revealed how heredity contributes to the development of depression, schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, and anxiety among families, especially twins (Hoy et al., 2022). In some instances, structural brain abnormalities contribute to the development of psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, learning or anxiety disorders, and autism (Filho et al., 2021). Abnormal neurotransmission can also contribute to psychiatric illnesses seen in persons with bipolar mood disorder, who have an altered dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission.

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Psychological factors affect how individuals perceive themselves, their confidence, stress, and self-esteem. Persons who have had adverse childhood experiences, social stigma, long-term illnesses, and bereavement are at risk of developing different psychiatric diseases (Chen et al., 2023). For instance, individuals who experienced childhood trauma through physical or psychological trauma, neglect, or abuse are at a higher risk of developing conduct and some personality disorders. On the other hand, persons who have experienced traumatizing experiences such as violence are also at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder, while those with social stigma are at risk of some anxiety disorders such as social phobias.
Social factors can either predispose or precipitate some mental illnesses as they influence health-seeking behaviors and coping strategies. The factors include family and friends, where they live, support from people or friends, and human interactions. For example, persons coming from low socioeconomic status are at higher risk of developing depressive and anxiety disorders resulting from financial uncertainty (Kirkbride et al., 2024). In addition, it also contributes to delayed health-seeking due to financial limitations. Current life stressors such as work stress, conflict in the family, unemployment, financial problems, loneliness, and relationship problems also contribute to the development of conditions such as depression and anxiety. Peer pressure can also contribute to some conditions, such as alcohol or substance use disorders and depression.

References
Chen, L. H., Law, W., F. Chang, D. H., & Sun, D. (2023). Editorial: The bio-psycho-social approach to understanding mental disorders. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1225433
Filho, M., Alves, M. B., & Silveira, P. P. (2021). Brain structural abnormalities in six major psychiatric disorders: Shared variation and network perspectives. F1000Research, 10. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.51475.2
Hoy, N., Lynch, S., Waszczuk, M., Reppermund, S., & Mewton, L. (2022). Investigating the molecular genetic, genomic, brain structural, and brain functional correlates of latent transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology across the lifespan: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the general population. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1036794
Kirkbride, J. B., Anglin, D. M., Colman, I., Dykxhoorn, J., Jones, P. B., Patalay, P., Pitman, A., Soneson, E., Steare, T., Wright, T., & Griffiths, S. L. (2024). The social determinants of mental health and disorder: Evidence, prevention and recommendations. World Psychiatry, 23(1), 58-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21160

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Factors That Influence the Development of Psychopathology

In many realms of medicine, objective diagnoses can be made: A clavicula is broken.  An infection is present. TSH levels meet the diagnostic criteria for hypothyroidism. Psychiatry, on the other hand, deals with psychological phenomena and behaviors. Can these, too, be “defined objectively and by scientific criteria (Gergen, 1985), or are they social constructions?” (Boland, Verduin, & Ruiz, 2022).

Thanks to myriad advances during recent decades, we know that psychopathology is caused by many interacting factors. Theoretical and clinical contributions to the field have come from the neural sciences, genetics, psychology, and social-cultural sciences. How do these factors impact the expression, classification, diagnosis, and prevalence of psychopathology, and why might it be important for a nurse practitioner to take a multidimensional, integrative approach?

Resources

Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.

WEEKLY RESOURCES

Learning Resources

Required Readings

• Boland, R. & Verduin, M. L. & Ruiz, P. (2022). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry (12th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
  • Chapter 32 “Normal Development and Aging”
  • Chapter 33, “Contributions from the Neurosciences”
  • Chapter 34, “Contributions from the Behavioral and Social Sciences”
  • Chapter 31 “Global and Cultural Issues in Psychiatry”
  • Chapter 35 “A Brief History of Psychiatry”
• Butcher, J. N., & Kendall, P. C. (2018). Introduction to childhood and adolescent psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & P. C. Kendall (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Child and adolescent psychopathologyLinks to an external site.., Vol. 2. (pp. 3–14). American Psychological Association. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1037/0000065-001
• Cheung, F. M., & Mak, W. W. S. (2018). Sociocultural factors in psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & J. M. Hooley (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Psychopathology: Understanding, assessing, and treating adult mental disorders., Vol. 1Links to an external site.. (pp. 127–147). American Psychological Association. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1037/0000064-006
• Jackson, C. E., & Milberg, W. P. (2018). Examination of neurological and neuropsychological features in psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & J. M. Hooley (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Psychopathology: Understanding, assessing, and treating adult mental disorders., Vol. 1Links to an external site.. (pp. 65–90). American Psychological Association. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1037/0000064-004
• Masten, A. S., & Kalstabakken, A. W. (2018). Developmental perspectives on psychopathology in children and adolescents. In J. N. Butcher & P. C. Kendall (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Child and adolescent psychopathology., Vol. 2Links to an external site.. (pp. 15–36). American Psychological Association. https://go.openathens.net/redirector/waldenu.edu?url=https://doi.org/10.1037/0000065-002
• Document: NRNP 6635 Mid-term Study GuideDownload NRNP 6635 Mid-term Study Guide

To Prepare:

• Review this week’s Learning Resources, considering the many interacting factors that contribute to the development of psychopathology.
• Consider how theoretical perspective on psychopathology impacts the work of the PMHNP.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Explain the biological (genetic and neuroscientific); psychological (behavioral and cognitive processes, emotional, developmental); and social, cultural, and interpersonal factors that influence the development of psychopathology.

Upload a copy of your discussion writing to the draft Turnitin for plagiarism check.  Your faculty holds the academic freedom to not accept your work and grade at a zero if your work is not uploaded as a draft submission to Turnitin as instructed.

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses

By Day 6 of Week 1

Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days by explaining the implications of why, as an advanced practice nurse, it is important to adopt a multidimensional, integrative model of psychopathology.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link, and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!

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