Assignment: Bar-Coded Medication Administration Technology

The healthcare industry in the 21^st century is embracing technological advancement, which is helping healthcare organizations improve their overall care delivery. For example, through various technological tools, patients can easily access their health details while enabling healthcare providers to collaborate, thus improving overall care coordination. Such rapid changes are effective since healthcare has ensured that they have implemented technological projects that meet their patient population’s needs, boosting overall care delivery. The selected technology for organizations for the assignment is the bar-coded medication administration (BCMA). The main aim for selecting the technology is that it helps healthcare providers, particularly nurses, minimize instances of medication errors. Through BCMA, healthcare providers can easily verify the medication administration’s five rights electronically. These rights entail the right patient, drug, dose, time, and route. Therefore, the paper entails an annotated bibliography of different articles that assess BCMA technology’s effectiveness in reducing errors in medication administration and the factors that lead to different error levels or variations of them in different healthcare settings.

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Annotated Bibliography

Macias, M., Bernabeu-Andreu, F., Arribas, I., Navarro, F., & Baldominos, G. (2018). Impact of a Barcode Medication Administration System on Patient Safety. Oncology Nursing Forum, 45(1), E1–E13. https://doi.org/10.1188/18.onf.e1-e13

Macias et al. (2018) assess and evaluate the research on the factors trying to influence the impact of BCMA technology on medication error reduction in hospital settings through the nursing staff. A conceptual framework informed the socio-technical model that the researchers used. As a result, the effect of BCMA on medication error reduction was discovered to vary according to various factors, such as nurse-related problems, technology-related downfalls, and medical centers. System measuring and monitoring, hardware, and software computing infrastructure increased pressure and regulatory requirements, and external factors are classified as the factors that have led to the creation of the variation (Macias et al., 2018). therefore, the article is essential in enlightening nursing informatics and nurses on the need to control the external and internal components that may influence BCMA performance to enhance its overall performance.

Owens, K., Palmore, M., Penoyer, D., & Viers, P. (2020). The effect of implementing barcode medication administration in an emergency department on medication administration errors and nursing satisfaction. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 46(6), 884–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2020.07.004

Owens et al. (2020) accentuate that although barcode medication administration has been demonstrated to minimize medication errors in hospital settings, research on its application in emergency departments is yet to be determined. Furthermore, no studies have been done to assess healthcare providers’ satisfaction with implementing barcode medication administration within the emergency department. As a result, Owens et al. (2020) study research aimed to assess the impact of using barcode medication administration within the emergency department and how it influences nursing satisfaction and medication errors. According to (Owens et al. (2020) article implementing barcode medication administration minimizes prescription errors by 74.2 percent and increases nursing satisfaction, particularly when nurses can operate the medication administration systems. These findings were after evaluating 676 medication administrations before barcode medication administration. During pre-implementation, the researchers found that the medication administration errors were at 2.96 percent, with the main error being the wrong dose. The study’s key implication for emergency nursing practice is that the BCMA implementation within the emergency department will help reduce medication administration error rates while enhancing nursing satisfaction during medication administration systems.

Strudwick, G., Reisdorfer, E., Warnock, C., Kalia, K., Sulkers, H., Clark, C., & Booth, R. (2018). Factors Associated with Barcode Medication Administration Technology That Contribute to Patient Safety. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 33(1), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.1097/ncq.0000000000000270

Many healthcare organizations have adopted barcode medication administration technology (BMAT) to reduce medical errors. An integrative review was carried out to comprehend better the impact of BMAT on medication errors and how nursing features add value to medication safety. Therefore, for Strudwick et al. (2018), addressing poor system application may enhance patient safety by lowering medication administration errors. For Strudwick et al. (2018), Nursing workflows must also be reviewed with clinical staff present, as deviations in work procedures may affect the overall technology use. In understanding the environment in which drug administration occurs, like the patient room or the medication room, there is always a need to carry out the workflow examination using new devices and workstation introduction and scanners. In such a case, the workarounds that differ from the anticipated may sometimes occur, affecting BCMA’s overall performance if the tool is not well integrated into the nursing workflow. The researchers recommend the need for the future to determine if BCMA is effective in other care settings. Although knowing that BCMA could be an effective technique for avoiding medical errors in acute-care hospital settings, nursing professionals should stop assuming that effective technologies in one care setting are essential in another.

Sloss, E. A., & Jones, T. L. (2019). Alert Types and Frequencies During Bar Code–Assisted Medication Administration. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 1. https://doi.org/10.1097/ncq.0000000000000446

Sloss & Jones (2019) conducted a systematic review of the research published between 2010 to 2022 regarding ways BCMA technology influences patient care when installed with automated devices to dispense and prescribe order entry in a computer. Hence, after the researchers employed exclusion and inclusion criteria, they found that 20 articles were objective. From the research findings, there is comparative evidence paucity that supports the implementation of BCMA and its complementary technologies (Sloss & Jones, 2019). From the evidence collected by the researchers, it is possible for BCMA to help healthcare organizations reduce medication errors like administration, transcription, and medication errors. However, the authors indicate they are unaware of the incorrect time errors. Despite such challenges, BCMA also has the potential to enhance medication compliance by patients since the technology can recognize patient identity before even the treatment has started.

Summary of the Recommendation

Healthcare barcode solutions aid in streamlining the patient admission procedure, care admission, identifying patients, and tracking medication during their stay in the hospital. However, automated barcode solutions seem to be more effective since they not only enhance patient safety and medication administration quality but also increase nursing staff satisfaction. However, of all four articles, Owens et al. (2020) article is essential since it helps identify the effectiveness of medication administration safety through incorporating BCMA in a community-based emergency department can decrease medication administration errors and enhance nursing satisfaction. In that regard, the main factors that prompt healthcare organizations to select a technology include employees’ welfare, training, and commitment to providing its target patient population with quality and safe healthcare services.

For instance, Owen et al. (2020) research proves that once healthcare has noted that the healthcare organization experiences an increase in medical errors, the main reason is usually associated with burnout, mainly when the healthcare receives more patients compared to their nurse ratio. Hence, when implementing any technology like Barcode Medication Administration, the healthcare management and the team need to engage the nursing staff in training to ensure that they understand the workflow processes of BMA to prevent resistance during the implementation process (Strudwick et al., 2018).

Also, one of the main reasons healthcare organizations select healthcare technologies is their obligation to patient safety. That is because safe and quality services improve overall patient health while boosting the sustainability and competitiveness of the healthcare organization (Macias et al., 2018). Hence, to reduce instances of medical errors and improve nursing staff satisfaction, implementing the BMA technology will help advance patient care, thus decreasing mortality and morbidity rates that originate from medication errors. However, Sloss and Jones (2019) indicate that apart from concentrating on internal factors that influence technology implementation in a healthcare setting, there is a need to evaluate external factors such as system measuring and monitoring, hardware and software computing infrastructure, increased pressure, and regulatory requirements (Strudwick et al., 2018). Therefore, implementing BMA in a healthcare organization will lead to nurse and patient satisfaction, thus increasing the chances for the hospital to continue offering quality healthcare services.

References