NUR-550 Topic 3 Discussion Question 2: Discuss the role of the Institutional Review Board. Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health. How are respect for the persons, potential benefits and burdens of the research, and justice kept in balance? Provide an example.

Topic 3 DQ 2

Assessment Description

Discuss the role of the Institutional Review Board. Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health. How are respect for the persons, potential benefits and burdens of the research, and justice kept in balance? Provide an example.

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Topic 3 DQ 2

The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is an interdisciplinary committee formed to protect human research participants. The boards were created following the World Medical Association’s Helsinki Declaration with the goal of preventing traumatic events similar to those experienced in the past such as the Tuskegee syphilis study that led to severe severing, not only of the human participants but the entire community (Takimoto, 2020). IRBs review clinical research proposals to ensure they meet the standards of ethical acceptability set by the Helsinki Declaration among others. These standards include checking for possible biases in research, ensuring that the research complies with all regulations set by professional bodies, and state and national legislations created to protect human subjects. Population health is predominantly concerned with disease prevention. As such, ethical considerations that are specific to population health include beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Nevertheless, IRBs are not efficient in protecting human participants, especially since different IRBs have different standards (Wright, 2021). Researchers must therefore practice integrity while conducting research.

To balance the various goals of a research, researchers involved in studies that use human participants must abide with the four principles of healthcare professionals. That is, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and respect for autonomy (McCormick, 2022). Beneficence means that the activity performed by the researchers must be aimed at benefiting the community. Non-maleficence, on the other hand, means that the researcher should not aim to do harm. Tuskegee syphilis study, for instance, failed to comply with these two principles. The researchers caused harm to the community by infecting participants with a communicable disease contrary to their will and failing to treat them even when a cure for the disease was discovered. The third principle is justice. It implies that the human participants would be subjected to equal treatment. That is, benefits and burdens are evenly shared. However, the researchers specifically targeted Black participants, hence failing the principle of justice. Lastly, respect for autonomy implies that researchers have an obligation to protect the identities of the participants involved

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References

McCormick, T. (2022). Principles of bioethics. Principles of Bioethics | UW Department of Bioethics & Humanities. Retrieved January 20, 2023, from https://depts.washington.edu/bhdept/ethics-medicine/bioethics-topics/articles/principles-bioethics

Takimoto, Y. (2020). Institutional Review Board (IRB). Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1196–1197. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_411

Wright, K. (2021). Improving the Interpretation of Vulnerability in IRB Review of Research Involving Asylum Seekers.