Discussion: Week 5 Diabetes and Drug Treatments
Discussion: Week 5 Diabetes and Drug Treatments
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine condition characterized by impaired insulin secretion and variable levels of peripheral insulin resistance, causing hyperglycemia. Type 1 DM is characterized by an absence of insulin production due to the destruction of autoimmune pancreatic beta-cell (Banday et al., 2020). In type 2 DM, there is inadequate insulin secretion following a developed resistance to insulin. Hepatic insulin resistance results in an inability to suppress hepatic glucose production, and peripheral insulin resistance impairs peripheral glucose uptake. Gestational diabetes refers to DM in pregnancy, which can occur in overweight, hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant women or slender, relatively insulin-deficient females (Banday et al., 2020). Juvenile diabetes occurs and is diagnosed during infancy or childhood.
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Glimepiride is a sulfonylureas antidiabetic used in treating Type 2 DM. It is given once-daily in a single daily dose of 1 mg as monotherapy or in combination with insulin. It lowers blood glucose levels with the lowest dose of all sulfonylureas (Sahay et al., 2020). The recommended maximal daily dose is 8 mg. Patients prone to hypoglycemia should be initiated at 1 mg once daily and titrated slowly to an appropriate dose. It should be taken orally before the first meal.
Type 2 DM is associated with short-and long-term impact/complications on individuals. The short-term effects include hypoglycemia, which occurs in patients on sulfonylureas like Glimepiride and those that miss meals. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome can also occur, characterized by very high blood glucose (Papatheodorou et al., 2018). The long-term complications of Type 2 DM include diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and microvascular disorders. The complications are associated with inadequate glycemic control resulting in hyperglycemia (Papatheodorou et al., 2018). This damages small and large blood vessels resulting in microvascular and macrovascular complications.
References
Banday, M. Z., Sameer, A. S., & Nissar, S. (2020). Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna journal of medicine, 10(4), 174–188. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajm.ajm_53_20
Papatheodorou, K., Banach, M., Bekiari, E., Rizzo, M., & Edmonds, M. (2018). Complications of Diabetes 2017. Journal of diabetes research, 2018, 3086167. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3086167
Sahay, R. K., Mittal, V., Gopal, G. R., Kota, S., Goyal, G., Abhyankar, M., & Revenkar, S. (2020). Glimepiride and Metformin Combinations in Diabetes Comorbidities and Complications: Real-World Evidence. Cureus, 12(9), e10700. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10700
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Diabetes and Drug Treatments
• Review the Resources for this module and reflect on differences between types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes.
• Select one type of diabetes to focus on for this Discussion.
• Consider one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Then, reflect on dietary considerations related to treatment.
• Think about the short-term and long-term impact of the diabetes you selected on patients, including effects of drug treatments.
By Day 3 of Week 5
Post a brief explanation of the differences between the types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. Describe one type of drug used to treat the type of diabetes you selected, including proper preparation and administration of this drug. Be sure to include dietary considerations related to treatment. Then, explain the short-term and long-term impact of this type of diabetes on patients. including effects of drug treatments. Be specific and provide examples.