Culture of Violence Assignment 4
Culture of Violence Assignment 4
The viewing of this video will constitute as a class however we will not meet in the virtual room you will view on your own and present your care plan in class the following week.
read chapter 23
view For Colored Girls https://digitalcampus-swankmp-net.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/mdc326218/play/7e1ce5b2710afb62?referrer=direct
note the types of abuse/violence noted in the movie and briefly explain each. Can you personally identify with any one type?
as a nurse select one type of abuse/violence and create a care plan to prevent, intervene and educate.
note what you would expect to see or not see in your assessment
diagnose the type of abuse/violence
create a care plan to address the type of abuse
how will you implement?
how will you evaluate?
discuss in break out group
create your care plan for discussion in B/O
Brief Contents About the Authors ix Thank You xi Preface xiii CHAPTER 1: Beginning the Journey 1 Unit I: Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice 17 CHAPTER 2: Socialization to Professional Nursing Roles 17 CHAPTER 3: Historical Foundations of Professional Nursing 37 CHAPTER 4: Ethical Foundations of Professional Nursing 53 CHAPTER 5: Legal Foundations of Professional Nursing 74 CHAPTER 6: Knowledge Development in Nursing 99 Unit II: Professional Nursing Roles 120 CHAPTER 7: The Nurse as Health Promoter and Care Provider 120 CHAPTER 8: The Nurse as Learner and Teacher 140 CHAPTER 9: The Nurse as Leader and Manager 170 CHAPTER 10: The Nurse’s Role in Evidence-Based Health Care 191 CHAPTER 11: The Nurse’s Role in Quality and Safety 204 CHAPTER 12: The Nurse’s Role as Political Advocate 231 CHAPTER 13: The Nurse as Colleague and Collaborator 245 Unit III: Processes Guiding Professional Practice 264 CHAPTER 14: Communicating Effectively 264 CHAPTER 15: Managing Change 284 CHAPTER 16: Technology and Informatics 300 Unit IV: Professional Nursing in a Changing Health Care Environment 315 CHAPTER 17: Nursing in an Evolving Health Care Delivery System 315 CHAPTER 18: Providing Care in Home and Community 327 CHAPTER 19: Global Health 354 CHAPTER 20: Dimensions of Holistic Health Care 380 CHAPTER 21: Nursing in a Culturally Diverse World 395 CHAPTER 22: Nursing in a Spiritually Diverse World 422 CHAPTER 23: Nursing in a Culture of Violence 441 Unit V: Into the Future 456 CHAPTER 24: Advanced Nursing Education and Practice 456 CHAPTER 25: The Future of Nursing 475 Index 493 This page intentionally left blank Begin Thinking LIKE A NURSE using your PEARSON RESOURCES Simplify your study time by using the resources included with this textbook at http://www.nursing.pearsonhighered.com Further enhance your Clinical Reasoning with the additional resources below. For more information and purchasing options visit www.mypearsonstore.com. Think Like a Nurse in Clinical Thinking Like a Nurse for NCLEX-RN® Success Clinical references across the nursing curriculum available! e to th ® N ned Alig CLEX-R 3 N Plan 1 0 2 Test www.mynursinglab.com Learn more about and purchase access to MyNursingLab. Culture of Violence Assignment 4
www.mypearsonstore.com Find your textbook and everything that goes with it. Professional Nursing Practice Seventh Edition This page intentionally left blank Professional Nursing Practice Concepts and Perspectives Seventh Edition Kathleen Koernig Blais, Ed.D., RN Florida International University Janice S. Hayes, PhD, RN University of Northern Colorado Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Publisher: Julie Levin Alexander Publisher’s Assistant: Sarah Henrich Executive Editor: Pamela Fuller Development Editor: Barbara Price Editorial Assistant: Erin Sullivan Project Manager: Cathy O’Connell Program Manager: Erin Rafferty Director, Product Management Services: Etain O’Dea Team Lead, Program Management: Melissa Bashe Team Lead, Project Management: Cynthia Zonneveld Full-Service Project Manager: Peggy Kellar, iEnergizer Aptara®, Ltd. Manufacturing Buyer: Maura Zaldivar-Garcia Art Director/Cover and Interior Design: Maria Guglielmo Vice President of Sales and Marketing: David Gesell Vice President, Director of Marketing: Margaret Waples Senior Product Marketing Manager: Phoenix Harvey Field Marketing Manager: Debi Doyle Marketing Specialist: Michael Sirinides Marketing Assistant: Amy Pfund Media Product Manager: Travis Moses-Westphal Media Project Manager: Lisa Rinaldi Composition: iEnergizer Aptara®, Ltd. Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendallville Cover Image: Jennifer Gottschalk/Shutterstock Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Notice: Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of information presented in this book. Culture of Violence Assignment 4
The authors, editors, and the publisher, however, cannot accept any responsibility for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to its contents. The authors and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package inserts of all drugs for any change in indications of dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Copyright © 2016, 2011, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 221 River Street, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Blais, Kathleen, author. Professional nursing practice : concepts and perspectives/Kathleen Koernig Blais, Janice S. Hayes. — Seventh edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-13-380131-6 — ISBN 0-13-380131-4 I. Hayes, Janice S., author. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Nursing. 2. Nurse’s Role. 3. Nursing Theory. WY 16 AA1] RT84.5 610.73—dc23 2015004901 ISBN-10: 0-13-380131-4 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-380131-6 Dedication I dedicate this book to all who have taught me; my teachers past and present; my students, who continue to challenge me and make me a better teacher; and, most of all, David, Sarah, Harrison, and Margaret. Culture of Violence Assignment 4
Kathleen Blais This work is dedicated to Sierra, Marc, Otto, and Vinnie who motivate and inspire me to reach out to a new generation of nurses. Janice S. Hayes This page intentionally left blank About the Authors Kathleen Blais Kathleen Blais received her Diploma in nursing from Temple University Hospital School of Nursing (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), her BSN and MSEd from Florida International University (Miami, Florida), MSN from the University of Miami (Miami, Florida), and EdD from Florida Atlantic University (Boca Raton, Florida). She has taught in both undergraduate and graduate nursing programs. Dr. Blais has held faculty and academic leadership positions throughout her career. She is currently a Professor Emerita of Nursing at Florida International University Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences. Janice S. Hayes Janice Hayes received her BSN from the University of Evansville, MSN from Indiana University, and PhD from Purdue University. She has taught both in undergraduate and graduate nursing programs as well as providing research leadership with clinical institutions. Dr. Hayes has maintained a research trajectory in the areas of development risk and trauma outcomes. She has served as the Assistant Director for Graduate Programs in the School of Nursing at the University of Northern Colorado. ix This page intentionally left blank Thank You Culture of Violence Assignment 4
Thanks go to our colleagues from schools of nursing around the world, who generously gave their time to help create this book. These professionals helped us plan and shape our book by contributing their collective experience and expertise as nurses and teachers, and we made many improvements based on their efforts. Contributors Catherine E. Dingley, PhD, RN, FNP Post Doctoral Research Fellow University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Kathleen Dunemn, PhD, APRN, CNM-BC Associate Professor University of Northern Colorado Greeley, Colorado J. Craig Phillips, PhD, LLM, RN, ARNP, PMHCNS-BC, ACRN Associate Professor of Nursing University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Rhonda D. Squires, PhD, APRN-BC, FNP Assistant Professor University of Northern Colorado Greeley, Colorado Reviewers Barbara Celia, EdD, RN Clinical Assistant Professor Drexel University College of Nursing and Health Professions Philadelphia, Pennsylvania A. Kate Eby, MN, APRN, ONC, FNP-C, CNE Lecturer, RN-BSN Program Frostburg State University Frostburg, Maryland Sarah Gabua, DNP, RN Adjunct Professor Ferris State University Big Rapids, Michigan Kristine M. Gill, PhD., RN Associate Professor of Nursing, Emeritus The University of Akron Akron, Ohio Irma Lorraine Goodrich, ABD, MSN, BSN, RN Instructor of Nursing/Interim Director Eastern New Mexico University Portales, New Mexico Linda Pennington Grimsley, PhD Assistant Vice President for Academic Affairs & Professor of Nursing Albany State University Albany, Georgia Patricia Hall, MSN/Ed, RN Faculty University of South Florida College of Nursing Tampa, Florida Kim Clevenger, EdD, MSN, RN, BC Baccalaureate & RN-BSN Program Coordinator/ Associate Professor of Nursing Morehead State University Morehead, Kentucky Terri Hood-Brown Assistant Professor Ohio University Zanesville, Ohio Fredi de Yampert, PhD, RN Interim VP for Academic Affairs Nursing Department Chair Finlandia University Hancock, Michigan Sara K. Kaylor, Ed.D, RN, CNE Assistant Professor The University of Alabama Capstone College of Nursing Tuscaloosa, Alabama xi xii THANK YOU Ramona S. Kerner, DHEd, RN, CNOR Assistant Professor Southeastern Louisiana University School of Nursing Hammond, Louisiana Neal Rosenburg, PhD, COI, RN Dean and Associate Professor Nevada State College Henderson, Nevada Marilyn Meder, PhD, RN Assistant Professor Kutztown University Kutztown, Pennsylvania Polly Royal, DNP, RN Clinical Assistant Professor Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana Maria Olenick, PhD, FNP, RN Chair of Undergraduate Nursing Florida International University Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences Miami, Florida Melody F. Sharp, Culture of Violence Assignment 4
DNP, RN Director, Post-Licensure & Accelerated BSN Associate Professor Jefferson College of Health Sciences Roanoke, Virginia Barbara Patterson, EdD, MS, RN, CNE Associate Dean, School of Nursing Southwestern Oklahoma State University Weatherford, Oklahoma Jessica Spellman, MSN, RN, CCRN The Ohio State University Associated Clinical Faculty Columbus, Ohio Judith Miller Peters, Ed.D, RNC Associate Professor of Nursing Loma Linda University School of Nursing Loma Linda, California Jennifer L. Taylor, PhD, RN Associate Professor Director of Undergraduate Programs Lindenwood University St. Charles, Missouri Jenny Radsma, PhD, RN Associate Professor University of Maine at Fort Kent Fort Kent, Maine Linda J. Thomas, PhD, MSN, RN, CNE RN-BSN Coordinator Murray State University Murray, Kentucky Patricia L. Reid, MSN, RN, CNS Director of Continuing Education The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Janet Weber, EdD, RN Director RN-BSN Program Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau, Missouri Desma R. Reno, PhD(c), APRN, GCNS-BC Assistant Professor Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau, Missouri Evelyn M. J. Yeaw, PhD, RN Professor Emerita The University of Rhode Island Kingston, Rhode Island Susan Rieck, PhD, RN Associate Professor & Assistant Dean Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, Arizona Benson K. L. Yeung, MSN, RN Lecturer and Clinical Faculty California State University, School of Nursing Los Angeles, California Preface A dynamic healthcare environment requires growth and change in the nursing profession. Skills in communication and interpersonal relations are needed for nurses to be effective members of collaborative interdisciplinary healthcare teams. Critical thinking and creativity are necessary as nurses implement care with clients of diverse cultural and spiritual backgrounds in a variety of settings. Nurses must be prepared to provide care not only in hospital settings but also in community and residential settings, such as work sites, schools, faith-based communities, homeless shelters, and prisons. The nurse’s unique role demands a blend of nurturance, compassion, sensitivity, caring, empathy, commitment, courage, competence, and skill that comes from a broad knowledge base of the arts, humanities, biological and social sciences, and the discipline of nursing. Nurses need skills in teaching, collaborating, leading, managing, advocacy, political involvement, and applying theory, research, and evidence to practice. An understanding of holistic healing modalities and complementary therapies used in the care of patients and clients is becoming more essential. Knowledge of global health includes the nurse’s understanding of nursing and health care as practiced around the world and how health/disease conditions in other countries can affect the health status of citizens and residents of our own country. Quality and safety in health care are of primary concern to the profession. This book addresses content by which nurses build their repertoire of nursing knowledge. This content includes, but is not limited to, wellness, health promotion, and disease/injury prevention; holistic care; multiculturalism, global health; nursing history; technology and informatics; nursing theories and conceptual frameworks; nursing research; quality and safety; and professional empowerment and politics. Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives, 7th Edition, is intended as a text for registered nurses who are in transition or bridge programs to achieve a baccalaureate or higher degree in nursing. It may also be used in generic nursing programs or in transition or bridge programs for vocational nurses (LPNs or LVNs) to complete the professional nursing baccalaureate degree. This text addresses the areas of knowledge that professional nurses require to be effective in the changing healthcare environment. The organization of this text emphasizes the foundational knowledge related to professional nursing, including nursing history, nursing knowledge development, ethics, and legal aspects; the roles of professional nurses, including health promoter and care provider, learner and teacher, leader and manager, research consumer, advocate, and colleague and collaborator; the processes guiding nursing, including communication, change, and technology and informatics; nursing in a changing healthcare delivery system, including healthcare economics, holistic health care, global health, cultural and spiritual dimensions of client care, and nursing in a culture of violence; graduate education and advanced nursing practice; and nursing in the future. NEW TO THIS EDITION All chapters have been revised to reflect current professional nursing knowledge based on foundational knowledge: • A new chapter, Chapter 11, “The Nurse’s Role in Quality and Safety,” addresses quality and safety education for nurses (QSEN). Regulations, quality indicators, and benchmarking are discussed as they apply to professional nursing. • A new chapter, Chapter 19, “Global Health,” describes the goals of global health, demographic and epidemic shifts, communicable and noncommunicable diseases around the world, health systems models in the global environment, and nursing roles, responsibilities, and opportunities in global health. •Culture of Violence Assignment 4
New content on healthcare reform and implementation of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 as it has implications for nursing has been added to this edition. • New content on nursing knowledge development and evidence-based practice has been added. • Chapter summaries are now presented as a bulleted list of chapter highlights to facilitate student preparation for exams. Hallmark Features The seventh edition of Professional Nursing Practice: Concepts and Perspectives retains several of the features that have been well received by faculty and students who have used previous editions: • All new to this edition, Research Currents (formerly called Evidence for Practice) boxes that describe quantitative and qualitative research studies relevant to chapter content and relate them to clinical or professional practice. xiii xiv PREFACE • Critical Thinking Exercises that require readers to apply concepts from chapters to exemplar situations. • Reflect On . . . sections that ask the reader to contemplate her or his own practice and beliefs about professional nursing in relation to the chapter content. • Interviews of practicing nurses, which can be found in two chapters: Chapter 19, “Providing Care in the Home and Community,” and Chapter 24, “Advanced Nursing Education and Practice.” The profiles include information about why these practitioners chose their specific practice areas, what qualities they think are necessary to be a nurse in that area, what their practice entails, and what encouragement they would offer a nurse considering practice in this area. The profiles provide useful first-person perspectives for readers. • InfoQuest, which directs students to Internet-based information resources related to chapter content. Organization This edition is organized into five units, with an introductory chapter preceding the first unit. Units and chapters can be used independently or in any sequence. Some nursing programs use this text for first-semester nursing students in a professional socialization course. Other nursing programs use the text at the end of their nursing program in a professional transition course. And yet other programs use the text as a primary text in one course and a secondary text in other professional role courses. • Chapter 1, “Beginning the Journey,” was created to assist registered nurses as they return to school. It provides information regarding factors influencing nurses’ return to school for baccalaureate and higher degrees and overcoming barriers that may interfere with student success. New content in this chapter includes learning with technology and evaluating Internet sites. • Unit I, “Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice,” focuses on professionalism, including socialization, and historical, legal, ethical, and knowledge development of nursing. • Unit II, “Professional Nursing Roles,” includes information on the professional roles of health promoter and care provider, learner and teacher, leader and manager, research consumer, advocate, and colleague and collaborator. It also addresses quality and safety in providing health care. • Unit III, “Processes Guiding Professional Practice,” focuses on communicating effectively, managing change, and using technology and informatics. • Unit IV, “Professional Nursing in a Changing Health Care Environment,” includes chapters devoted to healthcare economics, providing care in the home and community, global health, holistic health care, nursing in a culturally diverse world, nursing in a spiritually diverse world, and nursing in a culture of violence. • Unit V, “Into the Future,” looks at the nurse’s professional development and the future of nursing. It includes chapters on advanced nursing education and practice and concludes with visions for the future of nursing and health care. We hope this book helps learners appreciate the proud heritage of professional nursing, understand what is meant by professional, view nursing as a profession, and develop knowledge and abilities that will contribute to the advancement of the profession. In addition, we hope the knowledge gained will help nurses provide quality care in a constantly changing healthcare environment. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Culture of Violence Assignment 4
We extend our sincere thanks to the many talented and committed people who assisted in the birthing of this text: • Barbara Kozier and Glenora Erb, without whom this text would never have been conceived. Every day that we write, we think of them with fondness and respect. • The reviewers who provided many discerning comments and suggestions that expanded our thinking and writing. • Barbara Price, Developmental Editor, who provided suggestions and encouragement throughout the process of this revision. Her commitment to the manuscript, understanding of writing demands, and technical and personal support throughout the project contributed positively to this revision. • Pamela Fuller, Acquisitions Editor, who initiated the work on this edition. • Peggy Kellar of iEnergizer Aptara®, Ltd. for vital attention to details and Margaret Ritchie for copyediting. • To all who helped create and manage the media supplements. Their work provides a contemporary dimension to readers’ use of this edition. • Most importantly, our many students, who have challenged and taught us and, in doing so, have helped to guide the direction of this book. Contents About the Authors ix Thank You xi Preface xiii Chapter 1: Beginning the Journey 1 Factors in Society That Promote the Nurse’s Return to School 1 Changing Trends of Nursing as a Profession 2 Factors That Influence the Nurse’s Return to School 5 Education for Initial and Continuing Licensure 5 Credentialing Requirements 6 Professional Role Transition 7 Bridges’s Model of Transition 7 Spencer and Adams’s Model of Transition 8 Strategies for Success: What It Will Take to Get There 9 Time Management 10 Money 10 Social Supports 10 Working With Faculty 12 Technology Skills 13 Study Skills 13 Pedagogic Features for Using This Text 15 Chapter Highlights 16 References 16 Unit I: Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice 17 Chapter 2: Socialization to Professional Nursing Roles 17 Challenges and Opportunities 18 Professionalism 18 Nursing as a Discipline and Profession 18 Pavalko’s Occupation-Profession Continuum Model 19 Scope and Standards of Nursing Practice 21 Professional Socialization 22 Critical Values of Professional Nursing 23 The Initial Process of Professional Socialization 24 Ongoing Professional Socialization and Resocialization 25 Kramer’s Postgraduate Resocialization Model 25 Dalton’s Career Stages Model 26 Benner’s Stages From Novice to Expert 26 Role Theory 26 Elements of Roles 27 Boundaries of Nursing Roles 29 Role Stress and Role Strain 29 Reducing Role Stress and Strain 31 Stress Reduction Strategies 31 Managing Role Stress and Role Strain 31 Chapter Highlights 35 Culture of Violence Assignment 4
References 35 Chapter 3: Historical Foundations of Professional Nursing 37 Challenges and Opportunities 38 Nursing in History 38 Nursing in Primitive Societies 38 Nursing in Ancient Civilizations 39 The Role of Religion in the Development of Nursing 40 The Development of Modern Nursing 41 The Development of Nursing in the Americas 42 Historical Leaders in Nursing 43 The Founders 44 Men in Nursing 44 The Risk Takers 45 The Social Reformers 46 Nursing: A History of Caring 47 The Development of Professional Nursing Organizations 48 American Nurses Association 48 National Student Nurses’ Association 49 National League for Nursing 49 xv xvi CONTENTS American Association of Colleges of Nursing 49 Canadian Nurses Association 49 International Council of Nurses 49 Sigma Theta Tau International 50 Specialty Nursing Organizations 50 Special-Interest Organizations 50 Chapter Highlights 51 References 52 Chapter 4: Ethical Foundations of Professional Nursing 53 Challenges and Opportunities 53 Values 54 Values Transmission 54 Values Clarification 55 Identifying Personal Values 55 Helping Clients Identify Values 56 Moral and Ethical Behavior 56 Moral Development 56 Lawrence Kohlber