Assignment: NURS 6051 Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Assignment: NURS 6051 Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Assignment: NURS 6051 Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Effective clinical systems play an integral role in revitalization of healthcare delivery. The application of evidence-based practices, deployment of health information technology and development of clinical systems lead to improved patient outcomes and efficiencies. Clinical systems improve healthcare processes, identify patients at risk as well as enhance efficiencies and advance research improve the provision of better care. The use of personal health records or patient portal is one of the clinical systems aimed at improving outcomes and efficiencies. The portals offer access to health information from the electronic health records (EHRs) systems which allows performance of different medical-associated tasks like communicating with providers and recording their symptoms (Dendere et al., 2019). The purpose of this is paper is to offer and annotated bibliography on the effects of patient portals in improving outcomes and efficiencies in healthcare settings.

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Article 1

Tapuria, A., Porat, T., Kalra, D., Dsouza, G., Xiaohui, S., & Curcin, V. (2021). Impact of

patient access to their electronic health record: systematic review. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 46(2), 194-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2021.1879810

Using a systematic review of existing literature, the authors focused on identifying the benefits and issues associated with patients accessing their electronic health records using secured patient portals from primary healthcare centers and facilities. The authors conducted searches using different databases that included PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Through filtering, the retained, analyzed and offered summaries of 74 paper out of an initial 2000 screened.

The findings from 54 of the 74 papers demonstrated positive outcomes or benefits that patients can derive from their HER using patient portals. These benefits include re-assurance, lowered levels of anxiety and positive effects on consultations, enhanced physician-patient interactions and increased awareness and adherence to medication as well as better patient outcomes. For instance, individuals with hypertension could improve blood pressure and attain glycemic control. Patient portals also improved self-reported aspects of engagement, and organizational efficiencies, especially in mental healthcare settings. However, the review also found concerns about the use of patient portals on health outcomes. These include security, privacy and confidentiality of the health records and anxiety it may lead to among patients.

In its conclusion, the paper asserts that these findings are critical to helping providers develop effective frameworks to enhance quality outcomes and attain organizational efficiencies. A lesson that emerges from this study is the need to improve access to patient health information in a secure and confidential manner so that it does not violate existing legal requirements and need for compliance. The article demonstrates that providers must embrace patient portals as a way to improve effective communication between them and patients, especially those with chronic conditions.

Article 2

Han, H. R., Gleason, K. T., Sun, C. A., Miller, H. N., Kang, S. J., Chow, S., … & Bauer, T.

(2019). Using patient portals to improve patient outcomes: systematic review. JMIR human factors, 6(4), e15038. DOI: 10.2196/15038

In this article, the authors conducted a systematic review of literature to synthesize evidence concerning the characteristics and psycho-behavioral as well as clinical outcomes associated with using patient portals. The authors carried out searches in three electronic databases and attained 24 articles that met the eligibility criteria. The findings showed that patient portals use customized alerts and educational resources tailored to meet patient’s condition. The findings show that patient portals lead to better psycho-behavioral outcomes that include health knowledge for the patient, self-efficacy, especially those with chronic conditions and better decision making as well as adherence to medications and use of preventive approaches. However, the study advances that the use of patient portals on clinical outcomes on aspects like blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and weight loss is not clear from existing research.

In their conclusion, the authors are emphatic that patient portals are effective in enhancing a few psychological outcomes, adherence to medication and use of preventive services. The study also concludes that no sufficient evidence exists to support the use of patient portals in improving clinical outcomes and organizational efficiencies Therefore, understanding the role of patient portals as an essential intervention is important in encouraging patients to actively engage in their health situations and making decisions. A lesson learned from this article is that while the use of patient portals is essential in provision of better care, it is critical for providers to understand if the strategy fits their organizations and if they have necessary safeguards to secure patient health records and data.  

Article 3

Carini, E., Villani, L., Pezzullo, A. M., Gentili, A., Barbara, A., Ricciardi, W., & Boccia, S.

(2021). The impact of digital patient portals on health outcomes, system efficiency, and patient attitudes: updated systematic literature review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(9), e26189. DOI: 10.2196/26189

In this article, the authors assert that healthcare systems are embracing patient portals even though limited evidence exists about their impact on individual health and health system efficiency. Therefore, the aim of the study was to offer a summary of evidence on the effects of patient portals on health outcomes and efficiency as well as examine the characteristics, features, attitudes and satisfaction of users.

Using PubMed and Web of Sciences databases, the authors searched for published article between 2013 January and 2019 October. The eligibility criteria for the review include primary studies describing the effects of patient portal use based on health outcomes, health care efficiency, and patient attitudes and satisfaction. Based on the 47 articles that met the eligibility criteria, the authors’ findings show that patient portals led to better monitoring of health status, enhanced interaction between physicians and patients and improvement in quality of care. Studies that evaluated effect of digital patient portals on the use of health services showed mixed results. The findings also show that the use of patient portals was largely based on age and gender, especially women were more likely to use the intervention. Attitudes towards using the portals were based on barriers and facilitators where concerns about privacy and data security as well as insufficient time were identified as hurdles while facilitators like access to clinical data and laboratory results enhanced the use of portals.

The article concludes by showing that the use of patient portals leads to better health outcomes. Further, portals can improve physician-patient interactions, enhance the health status awareness, and improve adherence to therapies. However, the use of portals to enhance health efficiency and health service utilization remains unclear and requires additional studies. The article’s main lesson learned is that better inquiry will demonstrate the effects of patient portals on organizational efficiency and enhancing the utilization of health services by patients in different areas of care provision.

Article 4

Sieck, C. J., Hefner, J. L., McAlearney A. S. (2018). Improving the patient experience

through patient portals: Insights from experienced portal users. Patient Experience Journal, 5(3):47-54. DOI: 10.35680/2372-0247.1269.

In this article, the researchers conducted a qualitative study with the aim of learning from experienced patient portal users to enhance understanding of their perception on portal use in collaborating and engagement as well as exploring how using the portals impact their experiences with primary care providers. The researchers interviewed 29 chronic condition patients using semi-structured model to gain insight into their experiences. The article’s outcomes revolved around common themes about the benefits that were categorized as either logistical or psychological.

The logistical benefits of using patient portals included improved efficiency in organizational systems and workflow, enhanced ability in patients tracking their health information, better documentation in communication and information during interactions between the patients and providers. The study notes that psychological benefits comprised of increased sense of collaboration in care, better trust in providers, and better engagement in healthcare activities among patients and providers.

The article concludes that patient portal usage provides a mechanism though which patients can enhance their engagement and improve their experiences with providers. Frequent users felt more collaborative approach with their providers and greater trust in their interactions. A lesson learned from this study is that patient portals have immense contribution to improving patient engagement, trust in providers, and better coordination and efficiency in health care settings.

Conclusion

After researching and reviewing the four articles, it is evident that the use of patient portals offers more benefits to patients and providers in care management, especially self-efficacy, and monitoring among patients or individuals with chronic conditions. The four studies show that while patient portals have immense benefits in improving patient outcomes, there is need for more studies to determine the role that they play in enhancing organizational and systematic efficiencies to offer quality care outcomes. The articles show that patient portals’ adoption will have better outcomes for patients with chronic conditions implying that organizations should embrace them and make them an integral part of their clinical systems. The articles are categorical that patient portals increase engagement and trust between providers and patients which are recipe for better patient outcomes.

Reference

Carini, E., Villani, L., Pezzullo, A. M., Gentili, A., Barbara, A., Ricciardi, W., & Boccia, S.

(2021). The impact of digital patient portals on health outcomes, system efficiency, and patient attitudes: updated systematic literature review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(9), e26189. DOI: 10.2196/26189

Dendere, R., Slade, C., Burton-Jones, A., Sullivan, C., Staib, A., & Janda, M. (2019). Patient

portals facilitating engagement with inpatient electronic medical records: a systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 21(4), e12779. doi: 10.2196/12779.

Han, H. R., Gleason, K. T., Sun, C. A., Miller, H. N., Kang, S. J., Chow, S., … & Bauer, T.

(2019). Using patient portals to improve patient outcomes: systematic review. JMIR human factors, 6(4), e15038. DOI: 10.2196/15038

Tapuria, A., Porat, T., Kalra, D., Dsouza, G., Xiaohui, S., & Curcin, V. (2021). Impact of

patient access to their electronic health record: systematic review. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 46(2), 194-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2021.1879810

Sieck, C. J., Hefner, J. L., McAlearney A. S. (2018). Improving the patient experience

through patient portals: Insights from experienced portal users. Patient Experience Journal, 5(3):47-54. DOI: 10.35680/2372-0247.1269.

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To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
Identify and select 4 peer-reviewed research articles from your research.
For information about annotated bibliographies, visit https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/annotatedbibliographies

The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper.
Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.
In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.
Use APA format and include a title page.