Discussion 2: Topic 4 Evaluate the current political climate as it relates to health care and explain how politics influence health for both the individual and entire populations.

Topic 4 DQ 2
Assessment Description
Evaluate the current political climate as it relates to health care and explain how politics influence health for both the individual and entire populations. Explain what types of positive impact the DNP can create through policy or advocacy. Provide examples and relevant literature to support your response.

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Politics and Health
Politics play an integral role in health and healthcare at the individual and population levels. Governments can improve population health through the adoption of various measures through policymaking and legislative processes. A political climate that promotes higher public spending, initiatives for quality affordable housing, improvement in healthcare access, policies to address health and safety, fair trade policies, social democratic welfare, low-income inequalities, and population education interventions are associated with better population health outcomes (McCartney et al., 2019). States can develop the political commitment to achieve universal health coverage, prioritize public primary health interest in resource allocation, and make healthcare affordable across the population spectrum (Kittelsen et al., 2019). This leads to improved access to and quality of healthcare services. The understanding of political dynamics and influences is integral to the development of actionable solutions that address population health issues.
Significant political effects on individual and population health outcomes result from policy changes. To successfully and effectively address existing population health issues, enacted policies should be evidence-based, address health equity, be implementable, and employ proactive policy translation strategies (Pollack et al., 2018). Policymaking and advocacy involve collaboration between various stakeholders including nurse practitioners. Nurses can engage in advocacy to enforce political processes and policies that positively impact the profession, healthcare system, and the general population.
Various positive impacts can be created through advocacy and policy-making. These include improved patient safety, quality of healthcare, healthcare outcomes, and professional development (Nsiah et al., 2019). This requires efforts and focus on key health-related issues such as nursing education, training, and practice, staffing shortage, primary healthcare, community health, healthcare reforms, and enactment of health-promoting initiatives (Chiu et al., 2021). This requires policy competence and an understanding of effective advocacy and policy processes for meaningful engagement.

References
Chiu, P., Cummings, G. G., Thorne, S., & Schick-Makaroff, K. (2021). Policy advocacy and nursing organizations: A scoping review. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 22(4), 276–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/15271544211050611
Kittelsen, S. K., Fukuda-Parr, S., & Storeng, K. T. (2019). Editorial: The political determinants of health inequities and Universal Health Coverage. Globalization and Health, 15(S1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0514-6
McCartney, G., Hearty, W., Arnot, J., Popham, F., Cumbers, A., & McMaster, R. (2019). Impact of political economy on Population Health: A systematic review of reviews. American Journal of Public Health, 109(6). https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305001
Nsiah, C., Siakwa, M., & Ninnoni, J. P. (2019). Registered nurses’ description of patient advocacy in the clinical setting. Nursing Open, 6(3), 1124–1132. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.307
Pollack Porter, K. M., Rutkow, L., & McGinty, E. E. (2018). The importance of policy change for addressing public health problems. Public Health Reports, 133(1_suppl). https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354918788880