Discussion 1: Topic 4 Evaluate how social factors, such as personal or professional values, influence both individual and population health.

Topic 4 DQ 1
Assessment Description
Evaluate how social factors, such as personal or professional values, influence both individual and population health. How does your worldview influence the way you provide health care at both the individual and population level? Provide examples and relevant literature to support your response

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Effects of Social Factors on Individual and Population Health
Social factors significantly influence individual and population health. These determinants include culture, religion, education, socioeconomic status, social support, housing, unemployment, and health systems (Islam et al., 2019). The interactions of these factors across different contexts result in health disparities across diverse populations in health and healthcare access. In addition, factors such as personal and professional values are also pivotal to maintaining and achieving good health at the individual and population levels.
Professional values can also influence the holistic address of the patient’s healthcare needs. Healthcare professionals’ personal experiences, values, and perspectives can influence the quality of care provided to patients (Cepni et al., 2019). Professional values that empower patient autonomy and diagnosis acceptance, foster collaboration, trusting partnerships and engagement of the patient in the care process, and promote open and meaningful communication are integral to shared decision-making in healthcare (Odero et al., 2021). This enhances the provision of healthcare services in a patient-centered approach that regards the patient’s values and preferences with optimal outcomes.
Personal values have implications on an individual’s health-related behavior and overall well-being. Suboptimal health behaviors significantly contribute to individual and population poor health outcomes (Honka et al., 2019). Personal values dictate an individual’s healthcare preferences for professional or informal care (Leijen et al., 2021). For example, openness to change and self-transcendence can potentially reduce preference for professional care whereas strong conservation enhances preference for professional care (Leijen et al., 2021). Identification of these values is integral to promoting positive behavior change and healthcare interventions that meet the preferences and values of patients.
Worldview influences the provision of quality healthcare. Worldview reflects professional choices and decision-making based on personal fundamental beliefs and values (Spronk et al., 2021). Misplaced beliefs can give rise to bias, prejudice, and stereotyping during clinical interactions. This may affect the nature of patient-provider partnerships with the resultant unmet healthcare needs of patients. It is essential for healthcare professionals to develop a worldview that integrates cultural and religious competency in serving diverse patient populations.

References
Cepni, A. B., Hatem, C., Ledoux, T. A., & Johnston, C. A. (2021). The importance of health values among health care providers. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 15(3), 224–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827621992271
Honka, A. M., Helander, E., Pavel, M., Jimison, H., Mustonen, P., Korhonen, I., & Ermes, M. (2019). Exploring associations between the self-reported values, well-being, and health behaviors of Finnish citizens: Cross-sectional analysis of more than 100,000 web-survey responses. JMIR Mental Health, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/12170
Islam, M. M. (2019). Social determinants of health and related inequalities: Confusion and implications. Frontiers in Public Health, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00011
Leijen, I., & van Herk, H. (2021). Health and culture: The association between healthcare preferences for non-acute conditions, human values, and social norms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312808
Odero, A., Pongy, M., Chauvel, L., Voz, B., Spitz, E., Pétré, B., & Baumann, M. (2020). Core values that influence the patient—healthcare professional power dynamic: Steering interaction towards partnership. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8458. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228458
Spronk, B., Widdershoven, G., & Alma, H. (2021). The role of worldview in moral case deliberation: Visions and experiences of group facilitators. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(5), 3143–3160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01246-1