Nur 587-Urinary tract infection (CAUTI) Discussion

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A catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the most commonly hospital acquired infections according to emerging research. Even with the best precautionary measures, the chances of developing this infection are about 9% for catheterized patients. About 9% to24% of these patients develops CAUTI. A good number of hospitalized patients have a urinary catheter increasing the risk of developing CAUTI. In addition, healthcare institutions are penalized for having more than expected CAUTIs making them experience significant financial impacts. CAUTI risk is associated to the dwell time of the catheter. The rate of development of the bacterium causing CAUTIs for catheterized patients is about 4%-7% in a day.

However, this risk approaches 100% if the patients remain with the indwelling urinary catheter for more than thirty days. The recognition that about 75% of CAUTIs can be preventable has resulted in the development of multiple strategies to reduce development of CAUTIs in the healthcare setting. These interventions include simple approaches such as removing urinary catheters that are no longer needed and avoiding placing unneeded urinary catheters. Health care professionals are responsible for taking care of the patients having urinary catheters in the healthcare setting and are therefore important in preventing the development of CAUTIs.

PICOT Question: In the Management of CAUTI patients (P), how effective is staff education and regular monitoring of CAUTI cases (I) compared to maintenance of a closed urinary drainage system (C) in preventing the development of CAUTIs (O) for the period of hospital stay (T)?

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Criteria	Article 1	Article 2	Article 3
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink	Meddings, J., Manojlovich, M., Ameling, J. M., Olmsted, R. N., Rolle, A. J., Greene, M. T., … & Saint, S. (2019). Quantitative Results of a National Intervention to Prevent Hospital-Acquired Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection: A Pre–Post Observational Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 171(7_Supplement), S38-S44. Retrieved from	Parker, V., Giles, M., Graham, L., Suthers, B., Watts, W., O’Brien, T., & Searles, A. (2017). Avoiding inappropriate urinary catheter use and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI): a pre-post control intervention study. BMC health services research, 17(1), 314. Retrieved from	Huis, A., Schouten, J., Lescure, D., Krein, S., Ratz, D., Saint, S., … & Greene, M. T. (2020). Infection prevention practices in the Netherlands: results from a National Survey. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 9(1), 1-7. Retrieved from
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question?	This article analyzes the effect of a multimodal initiative on CAUTI in hospitals with high burden of health care–associated infection (HAI)	This article analyzes ways in which IDC usage rates can be reduced by reducing inappropriate urinary catheterization and duration of catheterization.	This study aimed to examine the extent to which acute care hospitals have adopted recommended practices to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI).
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?)	This is a quantitative study because data is collected using structured research instruments and is presented in form of numbers.	This is a quantitative study as it uses randomized controlled trial as the research design.	This is a quantitative study because data is presented in form of numbers and researchers compare various variables to determine the outcome.
Purpose Statement	To investigate the effect of a multimodal initiative on CAUTI in hospitals with high burden of health care–associated infection (HAI)	To reduce IDC usage rates by reducing inappropriate urinary catheterization and duration of catheterization.	To examine the extent to which acute care hospitals in the Netherlands have adopted recommended practices to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).
Research Question	What are the effects of a multimodal initiative on CAUTI in hospitals with high burden of health care–associated infection (HAI)?	How can IDC usage rates be reduced by reducing inappropriate urinary catheterization and duration of catheterization?	What is the extent to which acute care hospitals in the Netherlands have adopted recommended practices to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)?
Outcome	With the use of multimodal initiative, the risks of health care associated infections can reduce significantly.	A sample size calculation has indicated that 500 patients per Health District would be sufficient to detect a 40% fall (15 to 9%) in relative IDC insertion rates with a power of 0.8 and alpha 0.05	Surveillance systems for monitoring CAUTI, CLABSI, VAP, and CDI were present in 17.8, 95.4, 26.2, and 77.3% of hospitals, respectively
Setting (Where did the study take place?)	Acute care, long-term acute care, and critical access hospitals,	Hospitals in NSW, Australia Urinary tract infection (CAUTI) Discussion	Acute care hospitals in the Netherlands
Sample	387hospitals	4- four acute care hospitals	47 hospitals
Method	Prospective, national, nonrandomized, clustered, externally facilitated, pre–post observational quality improvement initiative	multiple pre-post control intervention design using a phased mixed method approach	Written interview
Key Findings of the Study	This multimodal intervention yielded no substantial improvements in CAUTI or urinary catheter utilization.	Hospital-wide and multi-hospital interventions help to reduce urinary catheter use and the development of CAUTI.